MI-WAVE

Isolators and Circulators

Overview, specifications and how to request a quote

Mi-Wave · mm-wave Passive Components

Isolators and Circulators

Signal protection and routing across 18 GHz to 325 GHz

Mi-Wave isolators and circulators are ferrite components with permanent-magnet bias in standard waveguide sizes from 18 GHz to 325 GHz. An isolator is a two-port device that passes a signal one way and absorbs what comes back, which protects an amplifier or oscillator from a mismatched load. A circulator is a three-port device that routes a signal from each port to the next, the basis of a shared transmit/receive antenna in radar and communications. Engineers choose the line for its isolation (up to 30 dB typical on the 180 Series), low insertion loss and coverage from K-band to D-band and above, in aerospace, defense, 5G and research measurement. Evencat is an authorized Mi-Wave distributor in Taiwan.

Overview

The line holds three isolator series (115 Series Faraday isolators, 116 Series compact Faraday isolators, 178 Series Y-junction isolators) and two circulator series (179 Series Y-junction circulators, 180 Series multi-junction circulators), covering the standard waveguide bands from 18 GHz to 325 GHz. The 115 Series uses Faraday rotation in a broadband dielectric-waveguide structure to give 20 to 25 dB of isolation from 18 to 325 GHz, with insertion loss as low as 1.0 dB in K-band. The 178 and 179 Series are H-plane Y-junction designs with insertion loss down to 0.4 dB; the circulator version handles 5 W average and 1 kW peak. All models use MIL flanges (UG-595/U through UG-387/U-M) and fit straight into an existing waveguide run, and Mi-Wave will adapt band, power rating or mechanical interface to order. Before you specify, decide whether reverse isolation (isolator) or port routing (circulator) is the need, check the isolation figure against the return loss of the load, and note that the Y-junction parts are rated over a narrower temperature range than the Faraday parts at the upper bands.

Isolators and Circulators

Key specifications

Frequency range (whole line)18 GHz – 325 GHz
Isolation (115/116 Series Faraday)20–25 dB (by band)
Isolation (180 Series multi-junction circulator)>30 dB typical
Insertion loss (115 Series, K-band 18–26.5 GHz)1.0 dB
Insertion loss (178/179 Series Y-junction, K/Ka band)0.4 dB
VSWR (maximum)1.30:1 (K/Ka band) to 1.50:1 (above 110 GHz)
Average power (179 Series circulator, K/Ka band)5 W CW
Peak power (179/180 Series circulators)1 kW
Operating temperature (178/179 Series, K to U band)–15°C to +65°C
Operating temperature (178/179 Series, V to W band)0°C to +50°C
Waveguide sizes (representative)WR-42 (K-band) to WR-03 (220–325 GHz)
Flange standardsUG-595/U, UG-599/U, UG-383/U, UG-385/U, UG-387/U-M (MIL)

Features

One-way signal control

An isolator passes the forward signal and absorbs reflected energy, so an upstream amplifier or oscillator is not damaged or pulled by a mismatched load.

Three-port circulators

The 179 and 180 Series use an H-plane Y-junction ferrite design that routes each port clockwise to the next, which lets one antenna serve transmit and receive and saves volume and cost.

18–325 GHz coverage

From K-band to D-band and beyond, including the 5G mm-wave bands (26.5–29.5 GHz, 39.5–43.5 GHz), W-band (75–110 GHz) and the near-THz bands used in research.

Low insertion loss

The Y-junction 178/179 Series reaches 0.4 dB in K and Ka band, and the Faraday 115 Series 1.0 dB in the same bands, so the link budget barely notices the part.

High isolation

The Faraday series delivers a steady 20–25 dB of isolation, and the 180 Series multi-junction circulator exceeds 30 dB typical, keeping reflections away from sensitive stages.

Standard interfaces, custom options

MIL flanges (UG-595/U through UG-387/U-M) throughout, and Mi-Wave will tailor band, power rating and mechanical interface to the application.

Typical applications

Isolator protecting a radar transmitter from antenna reflections

Radar systems

Protecting radar transmitters from antenna reflections

In mm-wave radar, whether automotive collision avoidance or a military AESA, a mismatch at the antenna sends energy back into the power amplifier, which can damage it or pull its frequency. An isolator in the transmit path absorbs that reflected power in the ferrite, protecting the PA and keeping the signal clean.

Satellite ground stations

Routing shared transmit/receive paths

When a Ka or V band earth station shares one feed for uplink and downlink, a Series 179 circulator steers the transmit signal to the antenna and the received signal to the LNA. Port-to-port isolation of 15 dB or more on the Y-junction parts, and higher on the multi-junction 180 Series, keeps transmit leakage from saturating the receiver.

Circulator isolating and routing signals in a shared transmit/receive path
Isolator decoupling source and load in VNA and noise-figure measurement

mm-wave measurement

Decoupling source and load in VNA and noise-figure work

When a DUT with a high reflection coefficient is measured on a VNA, the reflected signal disturbs the source impedance and adds error. A wideband isolator between the VNA port and the DUT decouples source from load, holds the impedance at the reference plane, and improves repeatability above 26 GHz.

Options and configuration

Tick the series, band and flange you need; the selections are collected into a list and carried into the quote form.

Series

Band and waveguide size

Flange

0 options selected Standard configuration only
Add configuration to quote request

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